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Some interesting anomalies would arise out of this: Except for earth elementals, who would function just like everything else. As shown by the Shell Theorem, wind elementals would have a natural res …

My first thought was something like a whale evolved up, but that doesn't make much sense; in the ocean, once you're big you typically keep doubling down on size. Rather, I'd think something like a sm …

Learned behavior The starting point for these dreads is going to be the "hedgehog" spines, which start sprouting naturally during fox puberty (and continue with age). From an evolutionary standpoint, …

Animals see "visible" light via rods and cones, and humans have 3 different types of cones to see different wavelength ranges (i.e., colors) of light. Tetrachromacy is condition where an animal has fo …

Highly recommend the essay On Being the Right Size by J. B. S. Haldane. In short, no. In addition to things like the square cubed law for musculature, there's the simple matter that different shapes …

One possible solution is to take a tip from mosquitoes, who smell exhaled carbon dioxide. So if your critter smells CO2 + blood, that's a really good indication that here is food and divebombing is ap …

A great explanation of the scaling problem for exoskeletal creatures In summary: Exoskeletons have really terrible joint options, which are not good at bearing weight. Essentially, you can have a pi …

As always, please read On Being the Right Size by J. B. S. Haldane. Here's a cheetah. Here's a pronghorn, the third fastest land animal. Here's a springbok, the fourth fastest land animal, running …