Admitedly, this is not a great answer, but was not covered by anyone else. I am just adding on top of other answers.

If you find some fine sand and is able to carefully melt it, with some days of work you may be able to produce glass, and eventually an hourglass. Ideally, you could produce a big hourglass that takes somewhere from 20 minutes to an hour to empty its upper half.

The hourglass, per se will not tell anything about the relation with Earth's time, but you could use it to refine the measurements and reduce the error margin from other methods, like sundials, water clocks, counting heartbeats, counting mississipis, singing your preferred song, etc. Further, you could create many different hourglasses with different periods and then choose the best ones and also crosscheck them.

However, this would probably require that you already have that skill when you arrive. Although it is possible, you will unlikely to be able to learn this yourself on the planet in say, 6 months.