This is a community wiki "non-answer" to summarize answers that won't work, at least not without some severe modifications. Feel free to edit this if you wish.

1. **Move the planet to somewhere else very far away**: This qualify as "*just running away*" which the OP specifically tried to reject right from the start because it is the easy non-interesting obvious solution. Coming back later does not makes this any better. Replacing "*somewhere far away*" with "*inside a hidden dimension*" or something like that do not makes it really different.

2. **Preventing the supernova from happening**: Also something that the OP specifically rejected right from the start because it makes the challenge uninteresting. Making a black-hole swallow the supernova would not also make it any better either.

3. **Use magic, time-travel, faster-than-light communication, TARDIS, unobtainium adamantium shielding, [technobabble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technobabble), etc**: If you are inventing your own physics, then every answer would be possible, making the challenge uninteresting and closeable as too-broad. So, this is not valid.

4. **Putting a massive planet or a smaller star as a shield**: It would work to shield the planet from the initial blast (except for neutrinos). However, as the supernova quickly erode the shielding object, its debris would obliterate the planet. Anyway, this could be workable with some modifications.

5. **Putting a neutron star or a black-hole as a shield**: Black-holes and neutron stars are tiny (measuring a black-hole size by its event horizon radius). They features only several kilometers in diameter, so they are too small to shield the planet. Further, their gravitational lensing would focus a lot of radiation from the supernova on the planet. However, some modifications to this setting might make this workable.

6. **Using a very large black-hole**: If you get a very large black-hole to shield the planet, it would probably be at least an intermediate mass black-hole or a supermassive one, and it would very likely promptly swallow the giant star preventing the supernova or perhaps spaghetifying it to the degree that it becames an accretion disc. Again, some creative modifications to this setting might be workable.