Take Earth in the late 19th century. 

- Industrializing democracies and *de-facto* constitutional monarchies like the UK and US east coast. Industrialists, bankers, engineers.
- Frontier sectors where "the cavalry" hunts down natives like the US West or southern Africa. Cowboys, settlers, bandits and sheriffs.
- A great bureaucatized monarchy in China. A different autocracy in Japan, with different outcomes.
- Small tribal units in much of Africa, not explored by the rest of the world (which wrote the maps).

However, the industrializing countries from the first bullet point did have a global reach, and the others did not. As the poem went

> Whatever happens, we have got
>
> The Maxim gun, and they have not. 

Hilaire Belloc, The Modern Traveller