**YES**

Polytheism is alive and well in the world today so the question "Would modern civilization embrace a polytheistic cult?" (I read cult = religion here) is a moot point.  Yes, as a matter of fact they would.

Hinduism is a polytheistic religion in the extreme there are hundreds of gods.  There are also concepts in Hinduism and Shinto that one could argue make them polytheistic.  

In the end the drive toward any religion is a person seeking a framework for helping them navigate life.  I won't comment on which kinds of religions make the most sense or are "right", in my mind they all serve the same fundamental function and that is what is relevant to this question.  Should a "new" or "consolidated" polytheistic religion touch the right chord with humanity it could succeed as well as anything else.  I actually feel it likely that at some point the main monotheistic religions on earth will blend together, whether that is in the form of a pantheon or a single *super god* amounts to about the same.