TL;DR: apart from the sulphuric acid-based recipe, only use any of these things if you have a) a death wish and b) plenty of expendable fanatics who don't mind dying horribly in your service.
The acid-based recipe looks merely impractical for use in a flamethrower rather than some sort of boiling toxin bomb.
The problem is here not so much the storage of the materials (glass is readily available, if somewhat delicate) but their use as flamethrowers. The fuels are very dangerous to handle, and in two of the three cases, exceedingly toxic. You've also got a lot of gas-phase ingredients, which limits the range of your weapon (think "large flame" rather than "giant spray of burning liquid falling on your enemies") and as they will be low density you'll either have real problems carrying enough with you, or you'll have to produce them in quantity in situ and producing large quantities of reasonably pure and highly toxic gas with primitive chemical and processes and pre-industrial equipment sounds like a disaster waiting to happen, and not for your enemies.
You won't be able to spray this stuff out of hand siphons... the operators will probably just kill themselves. Out of larger devices... well, maybe. The descriptions of the ship-mounted greek fire siphons used by the Byzantines sound like they might be adaptable to your needs, but the chances of poisoning yourself whilst operating it is extremely high. Spraying around concentrated acid also sounds like a recipe for disaster... I'm not sure how practical it is to plate your ship in lead, but you'll end up with plenty of acid spray which is bad news for everyone.
All of your suggestions seem inferior to greek fire. They might be redeemable if you can use solid or liquid-phase ingredients in bombs and grenades rather than playing with flamethrowers, but the aside from the acid option the other two recipes are probably too toxic to use on any battlefield where you value your own troops, or the land your fighting on or near.
Red Fire or Bloodfire when red, Brimstone when black.
The mercury (II) chloride is deeply unpleasantly toxic and corrosive all by itself, and it is a solid at reasonable temperatures. You're proposing to mix it with hydrogen sulphide, which is also quite unpleasantly toxic and either has to be created on-site in great quantities or stored as a gas which will seriously limit the amount of fuel you can carry.
The people preparing your fuel will have a very brief life expectancy, I suspect, as will the people operating your primitive incendiary toxin squirter. I wouldn't necessarily want to be any of the people involved in shipping the chemicals around either. Or be nearby the weapon when it was used.
Acid Sulphur
You can store the acid in a glass carbouy; it was done that way for a fair chunk of history. Lead could work as temporary protection against spray and splash, being a conveniently mouldable and replaceable layer. I'm not sure how you could trivially mix and pump the ingredients together though... you're not going to be making a glass piston, and anything else is going to dissolve over time (except maybe gold, but seriously, are you going to make gold flamethrowers?). The acetone is not too difficult to transport, though of course the vapours are unhealthy and explosive. The permanganate is a solid, and will react readily with either of the other two ingredients so you can't pre-dissolve it, and you can't mix the two liquid-phase ingredients ahead of time either.
Getting everything to combine nicely and shoot out under pressure sounds like a bit of an engineering nightmare, given the technology level you're thinking of.
Dragon's Breath
Phosphine is a gas at the sort of temperatures you'll be able to create, and it is hideously toxic to boot. Pumping it without exposing it to oxygen sounds like a tricky job but not impossible. The problem is that when you squirt it out it'll produce a big frightening jet of fire but in the absense of a sticky liquid fuel that will continue to burn afterwards it won't be a particularly effective flamethrower. The fumes are corrosive and irritating which is risky to both the target and the shooter of the fire.
As it is a gas phase fuel, density will be low and so you won't be able to shoot it far or for very long before you run dry.