Physical Effects are Poorly Studied
There actually hasn't really been any in depth studies as to long term physical effects in starvation survivors. We do, however, have anecdotal evidence from many holocaust survivors. Statistics taken from the medical records of holocaust survivors later in life show that they had increased risk of cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, and dental issues. Additionally fertility was effected and survivors of the holocaust gave birth to less healthy babies, and those babies grew up to suffer a slightly lower level of health as adults than that of people descended from individuals who did not nearly starve.
Additionally, evidence has been discovered and is beginning to be explored that starvation may trigger genetic changes in survivors which they pass down to children and even grand children. Descendants of starvation survivors trend towards less fertile, smaller builds, and more males are born. Additionally, holocaust survivors have shown altered hormone levels that make them more susceptible to stress and more prone to PTSD. These altered hormone levels have been observed in both the children and grand children of holocaust survivors as well. The field of epigenetics is a relatively new field and much of it's findings are still hypothetical but it is theorized that physiological stress can trigger genetic changes to try to adapt offspring to the environment of the parents. In effect, long term starvation can end up not just effecting the individual, but the following generations as well.
Psychological Effects
The psychological effects are a lot more heavily studied, and a lot more noticeable. Survivors of starvation are documented hoarding food, and have exhibited great anxiety in throwing food away, even when food is great abundance and easily accessed. Eating disorders, food obsession, and food hoarding are all well documented long term psychological effects seen in starvation survivors. Keep in mind that psychological effects are never 100% predictable. PTSD is also likely though whether it is due to the effects of starvation, or to the traumatic events that caused the starvation is often difficult to determine.