In short, the impact on the body is practically nil!
Sonic booms are pretty harmless. I used to live near a primary school where children were allowed to play with them in their breaks. It drove me nuts, but the children remained unharmed. How can children play with sonic booms? Whips. Those first graders had little problems getting their whips to supersonic speed. While I think it was pretty irresponsible of the teachers to let them to this unsupervised, what I feared was the children hitting each other with the whips, not anything to do with the sound or the super sonic boom in general.
Since you rephrased your question to make it pretty different, I'll describe the sound in more detail: It's not a single "boom" sound. When it's caused by aircraft or bullets, it sounds like a boom because those things pass the listener very fast. But if you stay at a constant distance of the source, then it's a continuous roar. Depending on what causes it, the sound can vary a lot. With whips it sounds like a metallic clap, something you would expect from a metal-working factory. When the tip of the whip stays supersonic for a longer amount of time (not that easy, thankfully, at least for first-graders) then the sound is drawn out over a longer amount of time without changing pitch. It's highly annoying when, say, you would like to sleep, but not painful or dangerous in any way.
To get a sonic boom from a clap, you would need to move your hands with supersonic speed. The sound wouldn't be caused by the clap, but by the movement of the hands in the surrounding air (an observer would probably not notice the difference, too fast). If you assume a symmetrical clap, then each hand moves maybe half a meter at most. In that space, accelerate to $v_{max}=340\frac{m}{s}$ and decelerate back to 0, so with constant acceleration you go from 0 to $v_{max}$ in $d=\frac{1}{4}m$. For constant acceleration there is $t=\frac{v_{max}}{a}$ and $\frac{1}{2}at^{2}=d$ so combined $\frac{1}{2}\frac{v_{max}^{2}}{d}=a$ which is $a=2\cdot340^2\frac{m}{s^2}$ which seems a tad much. I guess if you could have some magic accelerate the hand smoothly (i.e. not pressing against its sides, but accelerating the whole including insides directly), then the hand could survive with no damage, but there is no way to do it with improved muscles, exoskeletons or something like that. The mass of the air which is in the way of the hands+arms is in the range of single digit grams. I'm not sure how I would best estimate the maximum impact of this in the biological structure of the hands+arms, but I don't think it would be a lot.
It should be clear from my descriptions, but this is not a percussive sound, and it's not caused by impacts, i.e. it's not caused by two things hitting each other. If you want something caused by impacts, then sonic booms are not what you are looking for.
Addendum
According to this table, a typical Homo sapiens modernus will:
- feel pain in their ear at the range of 130-140 dB,
- may lose hearing at 120 dB,
- and endure damage to their hearing at 85 dB.
It depends on distance according to the inverse proportional law in this formula, when sound level $L_{p_1}$ is measured at a distance $r_1$, the sound level $L_{p_2}$ at the distance $r_2$ is:
$$ L_{p_2} = L_{p_1} + 20 \log_{10}\!\left( \frac{r_1}{r_2} \right)\!~\mathrm{dB} $$