Even nowadays it is impossible to perform in developed countries.
Everything would change.
For starters, if you ban microprocessors, you practically ban everything which works using electricity. Not only computers and smartphones, but dishwashers, washing machines, TV sets, radios, cars, buses and trains, aircrafts, non-analog watches... (The list is practically endless.) Some of those could be redesigned to work with non-smart technology, but that would mean a complete redesign.
But there is more than that...
Every office uses computers to handle data, and entire industries are based on computers and microelectronics. Modern industry would be useless without microprocessors, so hundreds of millions would lose their jobs. There is practically no area of modern life what wouldn't change with the ban of microprocessors.
Who would care?
There definitely would be a rebellion, because you wouldn't only take away basic comfort from people, but also their work. You (your foolish government) would try to mess with an industry with an enormous economical power. Tech giants like Google, Facebook, Microsoft and Apple are already more powerful than most of the old national-states and if they saw they are facing total extinction because of some retarded politician they wouldn't afraid to use all their money, influence over the media (don't forget, they actually are the new media), and voting power of all their employees and customers to stop it. (Also, don't have illusions; noone with an agenda like that can get into a position where they could make it real. Multinational industry would never let that happen.)
But since your setup is not in the present but in the near future...
Should I remind you that IOT (Internet Of Things) is slowly becoming a thing? It means everything you own will have some sort of processor technology; your clothes, your vehicles, your household tools, even the very structure of your house - which means if the "great purge" comes, humanity wouldn't return to a late medieval level, but to the very stone-age. No clothes, no tools, no houses. Instead we would have a huge problem: 7 billion people unskilled in agriculture and basic survival on a planet which could only maintain a few hundred million without complex planning and agriculture.
So TL;DR:
That wouldn't work.