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The overview:
Would any form of complex life be possible near absolute 0? At least for my personal standards, the "life" merely has to be:

  • a self-sustaining,
  • self-replicating machine,
  • with a "computer" / brain,
  • that doesn't necessarily need to be cellular.

The goals:
To optimize my search I have 2 tier-lists of goals based on what turns out to be realistically possible for both "mechanism" and "temperature", with the bare minimum for "mechanism" being artificially replicated metallic robots, and the highest tier being a possibly cellular, organic lifeform that automatically reproduces, heals, grows, and thinks sapiently. While the tier-list for "temperature" would preferably be as close to absolute 0 as realistically possible with reality's exact unaltered laws, and at least as cold as any possible complex computer can exist at, even if artificially constructed.

The solvent, if any:
My first thought was for the beings to be very similar to robots, taking advantage of the almost non-existent temperatures for a brain comprised of a quantum computer, but then I realized these beings would probably have to be built manually, which is acceptable, but is of lower priority than a cellular and self-constructing design, if that turns out to be realistically possible.
I then studied the basic mechanisms of cellular life and came to the possibly eroneous conclusion that complex cellular life would require a solvent to transport various resources, yet apparently only helium remains liquid at near absolute 0. This led me to studying for literally multiple hours, trying to find any information on the material solubility of liquid helium, on which I found almost nothing 😅 aside from the vague statement that "helium is a noble element and reacts with very little."

The energy / food source(s):
As for energy, my current best idea is for the lifeforms to derive energy from some sort of nuclear reaction, as both solids and 'apparently' radiation can easily exist near absolute 0, and the best specific reaction I've found so far would be the reaction of "free radicals" oxidizing pyrite into "sulfate" (whatever that is) and apparently iron oxide, although from what I've read, the iron oxide couldn't be used to build material or "flesh", so sadly it may be largely wasted as excrement.

The current ideas:
This brings me to my current best 2 ideas for possible complex life at absolute 0:

  • At best? A cellular creature that somehow has access to and swallows radioactive uranium, pyrite, and possibly some form of construction material based in carbon like calcium or proteins, deriving energy from the radiation/pyrite-derived sulfate, and repairing and growing tissue with the carbon or silicon or "whatever".
    If possible, it circulates liquid helium through its body to transport nutrients, and either simply never excretes this helium, or drinks helium from natural reserves in its environment.
    It would move around either by rolling using its spherical form occasionally pushed by two thick trunk-like arms, each with minimal surface contact with the icy ground, or by walking on two legs optimized for minimal surface contact with the icy ground.

  • At medium: a similar self-replicating cellular lifeform at some higher temperature, whatever turns out to be the lowest possible temperature to harbor complex self-replicating life.

  • At worst: simply an artificial robot with a quantum computer "brain", living off of nuclear reactions.

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    $\begingroup$ If possible, they would have slower metabolisms than lichen by many orders of magnitude. So they wouldn't do anything interesting or even observable in multiple human lifetimes. $\endgroup$
    – DKNguyen
    Commented Jun 1, 2022 at 18:18
  • $\begingroup$ fascinating, thanks for your comment! $\endgroup$
    – Brownpill
    Commented Jun 1, 2022 at 18:21
  • $\begingroup$ Hello Brownpill, welcome to WB. For future reference (all this is in the help center) to keep your Q from being closed: (a) The "book rule" states that you cannot ask a Q that could reasonably be answered with an entire book. The biochemistry behind an entire life form fits easily into that, and it means you're not asking a specific Q. (b) Never include your own answers and ask for more. What you're telling us is that you've answered your question but don't like it. That's not our problem. (c) Don't ask open-ended/hypothetical questions. Brainstorming doesn't work well on this site. $\endgroup$
    – JBH
    Commented Jun 1, 2022 at 20:17
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    $\begingroup$ thanks JB, I was extremely exhausted when I typed this question out and, I'll admit, I did not read the rules as I was very tired and short on time $\endgroup$
    – Brownpill
    Commented Jun 1, 2022 at 21:42
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    $\begingroup$ "cold-blooded" or "warm blooded"? It seems to me that if your creature had access to any form of survivable energy, whether radiation or oxidizing pyrite or whatever, then that process could be believably ramped up to provide the creature's own internal heat in a "warm blooded" fashion. At that point, it could survive and even thrive at near 0 and still use biological (or mechanical) processes that require some temperature above 0. $\endgroup$
    – user34314
    Commented Jun 2, 2022 at 2:37

1 Answer 1

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Purely electromagnetic.

For all practical purposes chemistry does not happen at 0. But electromagnetism definitely happens.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_current

In superconductors, charge can flow without any resistance. It is possible to make pieces of superconductor with a large built-in persistent current, either by creating the superconducting state (cooling the material) while charge is flowing through it, or by changing the magnetic field around the superconductor after creating the superconducting state.[1] This principle is used in superconducting electromagnets to generate sustained high magnetic fields that only require a small amount of power to maintain...

Your creatures are comprised solely of persistent current cells flowing in their superconducting substrate. Growth and reproduction of these creatures takes place via electromagnetic manipulation of the molecules of the substrate, rearranging them in patterns favorable for growth and development of these electrical creatures. Of course such creatures would feed on electricity, arranging for naturally occurring charge differences to be added to their own perpetual current loop.

I can imagine a "field" of such creatures, their substrate having been arranged and rearranged with the generations into overlapping geometric crystalline patterns. Charge harvesting spicules protrude into the overlying vacuum to collect charge. Perhaps periodic storms bring dust or debris allowing the electrical creatures to conduct up and out of their substrate, and establish colonies elsewhere on their world.

Shout out to the classic scifi A pail of air and its memorable portrayal of a frozen earth.

He wasn't just making up those ideas. Odd things happen in a world that's about as cold as can be, and just when you think matter would be frozen dead, it takes on a strange new life. A slimy stuff comes crawling toward the Nest, just like an animal snuffing for heat—that's the liquid helium. And once, when I was little, a bolt of lightning—not even Pa could figure where it came from—hit the nearby steeple and crawled up and down it for weeks, until the glow finally died.

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    $\begingroup$ wow this's amazing. Um, I'm trying to wrap my head around this. So these are essentially, liquidy electrified blobs? Also I'm taking it their substrate is liquid helium? How "fast" would these beings be? How small? Would they be able to interact with earthly lifeforms given the right technology or are they so slow or fast they live in utterly irreconcilable time frames? Also what would they look like, just electrified puddles? Also what would these "molecules" be? $\endgroup$
    – Brownpill
    Commented Jun 1, 2022 at 18:52
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    $\begingroup$ All those details are where the fiction comes in! I originally pictured these as autotrophs like a field of shifting crystals. But you could have mobile things like the helium be the heterotrophs. Flying things could use superconducting levitation. Electricity for your cold world can be like chemistry is for our warm world. $\endgroup$
    – Willk
    Commented Jun 1, 2022 at 19:07
  • $\begingroup$ Superfluid liquid helium actually does creep around. It will crawl up the sides of containers. You can also have persistent vortices and other quantum behavior. It really is weird stuff! $\endgroup$
    – UVphoton
    Commented Jun 1, 2022 at 20:06
  • $\begingroup$ @UVphoton - next time you have some handy, listen to it carefully. Maybe it is whispering "help me..." $\endgroup$
    – Willk
    Commented Jun 1, 2022 at 20:25
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    $\begingroup$ @Brownpill - I think metallic hydrogen would be far more likely to be the substrate, as helium, regardless of state, is profoundly non-conductive. Though any motility would by necessity bring up the temperature. It's a safe bet that any actual in-person interaction with warm life would be impossibly destructive. $\endgroup$
    – jdunlop
    Commented Jun 1, 2022 at 20:25

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