Traveller is prone to creating a variety of odd weapons at higher Technology Levels, and I think it would be interesting to look at some of them.
In this case, a Nuclear Damper is a passive defensive device which creates an interference field in which the strong nuclear force can be manipulated. A series of nodes and anti-nodes are created, either to enhance or degrade the strong nuclear force. Manipulation of nuclear forces can render nuclear weapons fundamentally inert.
More specifically, focusing a negative node on incoming nuclear warheads lowers the potential barriers around nuclei, thus suppressing the strong force; the warheads shed neutrons at very low energies and are rendered harmless after a short exposure. Both fission and fusion warheads are affected, as fusion warheads use a fission trigger to create the heat required for the fusion reaction.
Assuming we have all the resources we need, I ask if such a shield is possible. If not, then feel free to express your ideas on making a Nukeproof Shield.