The 12 planets in my solar system orbit the G-type star of Nemo. It's about nine-tenths of the size of the sun, and has a stellar luminosity of 0.67 L☉, a diameter of 1.28 million kilometres, a surface temperature of 5,980 degrees Kelvin and (Starting from its birth) will live for 13 billion years.
I mentioned that there are twelve planets in this system. The 4th one from Nemo is habitable and the 8th one is the system's largest gas giant. The respective distances of all these planets from Nemo are shown below.
Starting from Nemo's solar mass, I was able to work my way up and build the solar system to that point, maintaining plausibility. Now that I know how many planets there are and where they are, how do I know what kind of planets they are?
Which ones are gas giants, which ones are rocky, how big are they? Are some clouded over like Venus?
These are all questions I need to answer to complete the construction of the solar system and move on to the habitable world. Here are the distances of the planets from the star:
Inner limit: 0.09 AU,
First planet: 0.17 AU,
Second planet: 0.32 AU,
Third planet: 0.45 AU,
Habitable zone inner limit: 0.72 AU, Fourth planet: 0.86 AU,
Habitable zone outer limit: 1.03 AU,
Fifth planet: 1.63 AU,
Sixth planet: 2.30 AU,
Seventh planet: 3.30 AU,
Frost line: 3.94 AU,
Eighth planet (Gas giant): 4.95 AU,
Ninth planet: 6.97 AU,
Tenth planet: 9.98 AU,
Eleventh planet: 15.96 AU,
Twelfth planet: 28.1 AU,
Outer limit: 36 AU
Sorry, that was probably a slog to read through, but I thought I'd include those statistics should they be important for answering this question.
Any other figures you require about the star Nemo are shown in the first paragraph.
Now, the question in full: How do I figure out what kind of planets these bodies are, or is it even possible? What factors influence this; distance, temperature, or something else? Are there any other important things to consider? You don't have to build the whole system for me, I'd be fine with just equations to do it myself.
Answerers, please note:
I am not an astrophysicist, nor am I a wizard of mathematics. If you're including very complex terminology in an answer which I can't find the definition of without trawling through a Wikipedia page, then it'd be appreciated if you could explain them. Also, I'm just as capable of performing (But not always forming) equations myself, but please present equations (If they are relevant) in a way that would be comprehensible to the layman (Who can do maths and knows a lot about biology).
If you need more details about the star and its system, please ask me and I will add that in and notify you.
Others, please note:
If you have objections of implausibility, please put them in the comments - and as soon as possible. While the project is young is the best time to point out weaknesses.
If you think this question is broad, unclear, or off-topic, please say so, and I will amend the question accordingly and promptly.
If you feel the need to downvote the question, by all means do, but I beg that you say why. Downvoting without critiquing isn't very helpful.