If we had an earth like planet except it had a 50 - 100 percent bigger radius than our earth what are some ways that it could have have similar gravity when compared to our own planet?
P.S. Atmospheric pressure is the same as earth
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Sign up to join this communityIf we had an earth like planet except it had a 50 - 100 percent bigger radius than our earth what are some ways that it could have have similar gravity when compared to our own planet?
P.S. Atmospheric pressure is the same as earth
If you increase the radius, you actually have to increase the mass of the planet in order to feel the same gravity at the surface. Newton's equation for gravity is dependent on the radius between the center of two masses (say, the planet and a person standing on it):
$$ F_g = \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2} $$
If we want the force of gravity ($F_g$) to be the same for a planet with double the radius of Earth, we get an equation that looks like this:
$$ \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2} = \frac{G m_1 m_3}{(2r)^2} $$
where $m_1$ is the mass of our object on the planet's surface, $m_2$ is the mass of Earth, $m_3$ is the unknown mass of our new planet, $r$ is the radius of Earth, and $G$ is our gravitational constant. We can divide $G$ and $m_1$ from both sides to get
$$ \frac{m_2}{r^2} = \frac{m_3}{(2r)^2} $$
$$ m_3 = m_2 (\frac{2r}{r})^2 $$
$$ m_3 = m_2 2^2 $$
So the mass of planet with twice the radius of Earth would have to be four times the mass of Earth to have the same gravity at the surface. A planet with a 50% larger radius would have to have 2.25 times the mass. However, if you were to double the planet's radius, you would increase its volume 8 times while increasing its mass 4 times so you would have to halve its density. This might be achieved by replacing a significant amount of the iron in the Earth's mantle with magnesium and aluminum (maybe, I'm not a geologist).
The atmospheric pressure would be the same under these conditions, assuming that the height of the atmosphere were the same. But that being said, having larger characteristic length scales and curvature would change the way that weather occurs on this planet, which is to say I imagine it would be more boring. Probably not too much, though.
If the planet had twice the radii of the Earth (2 x 6378 km), the planet would have to have 4 times the mass in order to have the same acceleration due to gravity on the surface.
The formula for acceleration due to gravity is:
$$g = \frac{G * M}{R^2}$$
Where:
g is the acceleration due to gravity.
G is the Universal Gravitational Constant (G)
M is the mass of the object (e.g. planet)
R is the distance to the center of mass of the object
Gravity is about mass not size, so if the planet was made of less dense materials it would have less gravity in relation to it's size.
Easiest way would probably be to replace some of it's iron core with something less dense, or just give it a smaller iron core. (I'm assuming you want an iron core so that it will have a magnetic field to shield it from being sun fry)
Atmospheric pressure is not directly related to size or gravity either, Venus is comparable in size to Earth but has a much greater atmospheric pressure by many magnitudes.