It was pointed out herehere that the speed of light is a huge issue for any government that spans multiple stellar systems. The consensus seemed to be that it is very difficult to make large empires work.
However, I don't think that anyone said that such empires are impossible. . .
So, I figured I'd ask about galactic empires, a common sci-fi trope. There are some issues that stem from the speed-of-light problem:
- Communication
- Shuttling troops to battle
- Sending diplomats/envoys to different star systems
- Ensuring that civilizations survive long enough for any of the above to be remotely possible
- Biological/sociological/technological diversity among different species.
These are but a few of the many problems that a galactic empire would face. There are, of course, many others.
So, how could a galactic empire stay stable for any significant amount of time (i.e. millions of years)?