Some people questioned if this is properly a worldbuilding question. This board is for the construction of coherent fictional worlds. But I think it is:

Morals are culturally dependent. They are not only culturally dependent.

There is a concept called a meme. This has been mutated in pop culture to mean a GIF with a snarky caption, but originally it described a bit of thought, an idea or habit, that could be transmitted from person to person, recombined and mutated. Societies and subgroups whose habits are fit for the environment will prosper and get copied, societies whose habits are unfit will fade away. Much like the transmission of genes in populations.

So what about villainy?

Successful societies tend to agree that some things are wrong, or the society splinters. This trends to include murder (within the group), theft (within the group), often disrespect of elders (within the group). The nature of this wrongness can differ. Murder might be seen as an offense against society or a divine order, or as an offense against the clan of the victim -- leaving clanless outcasts in the lurch.

You have to consider what your fictional society values.

• A society with sudden environmental dangers (fishermen, mountaineers) might hold hospitality in emergencies sacred. Failing to rescue a drowning man or closing the door during a snow storm could be as reprehensible as, say, theft. Almost as bad as murder, because it is effectively murder by neglect. Different rules would apply on good days ...
• You mentioned rape, I presume. (No need to bleep that out, as long as the descriptions are not gross.) That's evil in many real-world societies, for several reasons. The dignitiy and self-determination of the woman were historically not the main reasons:
  • Rape damages the virginity of the woman and hence her relatives' prospects for bride price. That's an economic offense against the clan.
  • Rape puts the woman at risk of maternal death. Again an offense against the clan or the husband.
  • Rape puts the legitimacy of any heir born during the next year (give or take) into question. With limited scientific knowledge, they might not be too firm on the 9-month timeframe.
• There could be a society where failing to maintain a culvert is worse than murder. (Imagine a society always on the brink of famine, as many pre-modern societies were, and with terrain and rain patters which make culverts necessary.)
• Or a society where lying under oath is one of the worst crimes. (Imagine a society which assumes that all men a free, subject to no king or queen unless they voluntarily swear fealty to a feudal leader.)
• Where people have strong religious convictions, going against them is not allowed to prosper since that could set an example for others.

Does your society have magic? Summoning a demon outside a proper protective pentagram could be bad, even if nothing happened this time. Cursing crops and lifestock could sentence an entire village to a slow death. "Burn the witch at a stake!"

And notice the qualifier within the group in some of my examples. Societies can be quite callous about who is protected and who is outlaw. Imagine a barbarian raider who has no problem torturing the child of an outsider, to make the parents reveal the location of a few coins. Yet the same barbarian might willingly risk his own life to save a child of the clan.

So what can you do?

• She is an oathbreaker. Feels right for a Viking-style society or medieval nobility.
• She is a deserter. She ran and other fighters died. Feels right for a classic Greek- or Roman-style society.
• She is an outspoken apostate. Feels right for a medieval city-dweller or scholar. Making that villainy could clash with modern sensibilities.
• She is a tax-farmer. Read up on that.
• Or a loan shark, giving the equivalent of payday loans.