The best chemical I could find for the job comes from an answer on Chemistry.SE by @KeithS _{(emphasis mine)}

The standard body-dissolving chemical is lye aka sodium hydroxide. The main source is drain clog remover, because most drain clogs are formed by hair and other bio-gunk that accumulates naturally when humans shower, exfoliate etc. It works, even though the body's overall chemistry is slightly to the basic side of neutral (about 7.35-7.4), because the hydroxide anion is a strong proton acceptor. That means that it strips hydrogen atoms off of organic molecules to form water (alkaline hydrolysis, aka saponification), and as a result, those organic molecules are turned into simpler molecules with lower melting points (triglycerides are turned into fatty acids, saturated fats are dehydrogenated to form unsaturated fats, alkanes become alcohols, etc). Sodium hydroxide is also a ready source of the sodium ion; sodium salts are always water-soluble (at least I can't think of a single one that isn't). The resulting compounds are thus either liquids or water-soluble alcohols and salts, which flush down the drain. What's left is the brittle, insoluble calcium "shell" of the skeleton; if hydrolyzed by sodium hydroxide, the resulting calcium hydroxide ("slaked lime") won't dissolve completely but is relatively easy to clean up.

Further research into Alkaline hydrolysis seems to indicate that it could dissolve a body in the matter of hours.

However, I don't believe it could be made into some sort of hand-sized weapon that works within that timeframe. This is because the body is immersed in the chemical, pressurized, and heated.

Unless your handheld weapons can somehow create pressurized, heated fields of space around your targets and then introduce a bunch of sodium hydroxide into the field - you probably won't be able to rely on chemicals alone to turn your enemies to goo.

The best chemical I could find for the job comes from an answer on Chemistry.SE by @KeithS _{(emphasis mine)}

The standard body-dissolving chemical is lye aka sodium hydroxide. The main source is drain clog remover, because most drain clogs are formed by hair and other bio-gunk that accumulates naturally when humans shower, exfoliate etc. It works, even though the body's overall chemistry is slightly to the basic side of neutral (about 7.35-7.4), because the hydroxide anion is a strong proton acceptor. That means that it strips hydrogen atoms off of organic molecules to form water (alkaline hydrolysis, aka saponification), and as a result, those organic molecules are turned into simpler molecules with lower melting points (triglycerides are turned into fatty acids, saturated fats are dehydrogenated to form unsaturated fats, alkanes become alcohols, etc). Sodium hydroxide is also a ready source of the sodium ion; sodium salts are always water-soluble (at least I can't think of a single one that isn't). The resulting compounds are thus either liquids or water-soluble alcohols and salts, which flush down the drain. What's left is the brittle, insoluble calcium "shell" of the skeleton; if hydrolyzed by sodium hydroxide, the resulting calcium hydroxide ("slaked lime") won't dissolve completely but is relatively easy to clean up.

Further research into Alkaline hydrolysis seems to indicate that it could dissolve a body in the matter of hours.

However, I don't believe it could be made into some sort of hand-sized weapon that works within that timeframe. This is because the body is immersed in the chemical, pressurized, and heated.

Unless your handheld weapons can somehow create pressurized, heated fields of space around your targets and then introduce a bunch of sodium hydroxide into the field - you probably won't be able to rely on chemicals alone to turn your enemies to goo.