Make tools too dangerous to use and put them almost within reach of the common man.
Say someone invents molecular factories that can freely make anything from baby rattles and potato chips to ebolaEbola virus and nuclear bombs. All human work immediately becomes obsolete except keeping it from making things that kill lots of people, while still wanting to let people order pizza and spare monopolyMonopoly pieces.
It can work without the grey goo so long as the bureaucracy collectively holds more power than it knows what to do with, say massive oil revenuerevenues or peacecorePeace Corps drafts, and wants to be responsive to the people.
As people figure out new ways to ask for Bad Things new rule need to be rapidly deployed to be sure no one does. As people figure out ways to prove that what they want isn't actually Bad Things they are allowed to have it.
Can I order 10,000 gallons of sulfuric acid? Yes, if I happen to be a chemist with a project that could use it (forms 52643b and 879a), but no if I'm on any watch list in table 43, or anyone in my social network (forms 3123 a through f) has ordered any of the substances on table 3765 in the last month, or have ever watched the Radioactive ManRadioactive Man movie (form 8 line 12).