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I'm writing a character for a fantasy setting, and I wanted him to be a gruff half-orc war master whose mount is a bull. I wanted to know if there has ever been an actual historical use of bulls or steers used as mounts, and what are some of the challenges that come from it so it could be covered a little in my story.

As it's for a fantasy setting, there can easily be some suspension of belief. I wanted to add some flavor to the story and to the character by trying to address some of these challenges.

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    $\begingroup$ My horseback riding trainer says you don't ride a bull unless the goal is to meet a nurse. $\endgroup$
    – user39548
    Jan 8, 2019 at 20:55
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    $\begingroup$ Are you asking about bulls, or steer? They are different things. A steer is a bull that has been castrated. Bulls are much more aggressive than steer. $\endgroup$
    – plasticinsect
    Jan 8, 2019 at 20:56
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    $\begingroup$ The first answer to this older question What advantages would bovines have over horses when used as cavalry suggests your best bet is a wild bovine of some kind, perhaps a buffalo, and explains some of the difficulties you would face. $\endgroup$
    – Cadence
    Jan 8, 2019 at 21:01
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    $\begingroup$ people have ridden bulls, osterich, alligators, and pretty much anything else that can bear a human's weight. The real quetsion is, why wouldn't an orc ride a bull! A bull with big horns! An angry bull! With flaming eyes! It's very orcish. $\endgroup$
    – JBH
    Jan 8, 2019 at 21:34
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    $\begingroup$ Historically there was a man called Rollo the Walker so named because he was to large to ride a horse, your orc could have the same problem but found a better work around. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo $\endgroup$
    – John
    Jan 9, 2019 at 7:36

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I'm delighted (and astonished) to say yes, not only has it been done but it is being done as a business.

Kimberly and Annette here demonstrate just how well behaved their broken steers are.

YouTube video of Kimberly riding Jazzy, and Annette driving Dozer.

They make appearances at birthday parties, visit senior centers, go to schools and community centers and of course are ridden and driven in parades.

An article in Horse Nation (of all things) tells how she finds the experience:

“They’re a lot more ‘whoa’ than ‘go,'” she states. Friends who have ridden gaited horses tell her that the steers feel very similar, smooth but ground-covering. They fit into saddles with extra-wide trees; Kimberly rides in both western and dressage saddles with draft-sized girths. One major difference in tack is the nose bit: rather than a bit in the mouth like a horse bridle, saddle steers are guided by a metal bar that’s pierced through their nostrils (similar to a nose ring for driving oxen.)

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    $\begingroup$ A steer (you could say "ex-bull") is much less aggressive than a bull, but the principle is sound. $\endgroup$
    – pojo-guy
    Jan 8, 2019 at 21:46
  • $\begingroup$ @pojo-guy I figure that the Orc might feed the little guy some "get-up" juice before going into battle to make him more the bull he was meant to be - could be a fun ride. $\endgroup$
    – Escaped dental patient.
    Jan 8, 2019 at 21:52
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    $\begingroup$ if you want to see a very good accurate historical account of a guy on a buffalo, check out this informative documentary. youtube.com/watch?v=iJ4T9CQA0UM $\endgroup$
    – Sdarb
    Jan 8, 2019 at 21:58
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    $\begingroup$ @duck so red bull for the red bull? $\endgroup$
    – pojo-guy
    Jan 8, 2019 at 23:11
  • $\begingroup$ @Sdarb The actual movie is youtube.com/watch?v=6wvvnHe2RtY $\endgroup$
    – Perkins
    Jan 8, 2019 at 23:22
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I don't see much practical use in riding a bull instead of a horse, they are slower, for one, with an average top speed of just around 40km/h compared to a horse which has a top speed of 88km/h, and are considerably dumber than horses.

Not to mention the most crippling problem, their eyesight.

  • Field of Vision- When cattle have their heads down to graze, they can see almost 360 degrees. As they raise their heads, the sides of their bodies create a blind spot behind them. This panoramic vision allows them to see in all directions without moving their heads, but they have binocular vision only for an angle of about 25 to 50 degrees in front of them. Binocular vision is like ours: Both eyes focus on an object, allowing the perception of depth, speed, and distance. Their monocular vision to the side allows them to see movement, but it is not sharply focused like human vision.
  • Depth Perception-Cows have slit-shaped pupils and weak eye muscles, which means they cannot focus quickly. They have poor depth perception because they have limited vertical vision of about 60 degrees, compared with around 140 degrees for humans. Because of this, they do not like to walk across shadows as they cannot tell if a shadow is a hole or ditch; they will stop moving forward and lower their heads to the ground to check it out.

If your character is heading into battles or even war, the bull would not be as reliable as a war horse which has been bred for centuries for the purpose of carrying soldiers.

Now regarding the orc. I'm going to make assumptions here and say that the half-orc would be around half of what an orc would weigh. According to the wow wiki (which I used as my reference) Orcs weigh between 226 - 652 lb. I'm going to assume the worst and go with the upper bound of 652 lb, which divided by two equals 326 lb.

I am also going to assume that the Orc is wearing some sort of armour, and I'm going to use common medieval iron plate armour as my reference. With some searching, the average weight for full plate armour I found was between 33-55lbs, and since I'm assuming that the half-orc is bigger than a human, maybe upper 6 to 7+ feet tall, I'm going to add a few extra pounds to the upper bound, which comes to around 60 lb.

(I am not going to take into consideration any extra armour/weapons/food the half-orc is carrying with him, for simplicity's sake.)

Summing it up, the total weight this bull would have to carry would be roughly 386 lb on its back. This may seem a lot, but apparently, not quite. According to this page, the Barns-ford Ferny, a Charolais bull, weighing at around 4,000 lbs could easily pull 4,000 pounds at a walking pace.

Taking this fact into consideration, it seems very possible for a bull to carry the orc along with iron plate armour, easily, whereas horses are only really supposed to carry no more than 20% of their own weight. (The heaviest horse in history was the shire horse, which weighed 3,360 lb, 20% of which still isn't enough my estimations for your half-orc)

And regarding the history question- No.

Summary: It is possible for the bull to at least carry your half-orc into battles or just to a town etc. equipped with all his miscellaneous wares. It is, however, not recommended to use a bull for battle, as they are slower, dumber, and generally more unreliable to horses.

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    $\begingroup$ Excellent, +1. I'd no idea about their eyesight. Sounds like most orcs would benefit from gym membership and nutritional advice. $\endgroup$
    – Escaped dental patient.
    Jan 8, 2019 at 22:15
  • $\begingroup$ Charolais are a meat steer which are selected to have a lot of muscles but I don't really know if they are healthy enough to do any real amount of work without hurting themselves. And they can "pull" 4000pounds wich is really different than carrying. But anyway, it can always be "a very rare bull" bigger than what we know in our world, wouldn't be that much of a shock. Big horses/goats/boars are very often seen in fantasy settings, so why not bulls. $\endgroup$
    – Jemox
    Jan 8, 2019 at 23:20
  • $\begingroup$ I believe you have a logical fallacy in your arguments about carry limit. There is not a direct link between what a bull can carry and what it can pull, likewise the carry percentage of horse may or may not be the same as a bull. related What is the feed/day limit for various pack animals? $\endgroup$
    – James Jenkins
    Jan 9, 2019 at 15:02
  • $\begingroup$ Since it was fantasy, and he didnt specifically ask for hard-science, i didnt want to rant too long about it since it is a fantasy world $\endgroup$
    – Uncertainty
    Jan 10, 2019 at 17:53
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Water buffalo! Yeah!

buffalo race http://www.ezytourthailand.com/packages/Buffalo-Racing.html

If you want to see some amazing images, google up the annual Water Buffalo race in Thailand. Some are being ridden solo like this one and there must also be a category for 2-buffalo chariots. These water buffalo are cooking along. This is not a rodeo - by the number of participants these buffalo must be trained to race.

Water buffalo are bigger and stronger than cattle and the bulls are more docile and tractable. They have been domesticated for as long as cattle. Google image suggests people ride them not uncommonly, including a very pretty Thai girl on a buffalo with such big horns I wonder if they are fake. Water buffalo can run 30 miles an hour. There must be some reason why they were not historically used for cavalry but I can't figure it out. Possibly fear of too much awesomeness.

Your halforc should definitely ride a water buffalo. Or better - dude is not littler than the average orc because of his human blood but bigger, like a liger is bigger than a lion or a tiger. He is a burly beloinclothed bear-sized HO; larger than the largest orc and so he must ride a chariot pulled by 2 water buffalo.

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    $\begingroup$ A bit of google fu suggests that it's a Thai Longhorn Water Buffalo, and those horns are real. $\endgroup$
    – Separatrix
    Jan 9, 2019 at 7:56
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Don't worry about it.

Your character is an orc in the first place. It is unnecessary for the bull to adhere to rules of a rodeo bull or any of the more docile bovine species bulls.

I mean, people accept wolf riders in fantasy stories, a bull should not be that hard to tame for him, since it doesn't even need to be a "western" bull. Depending on your orcs, it's likely to have to be far larger and fierce than a western bull anyways. If in your story setting it's uncommon for this to take place, then you can take even more liberties with it because the other characters will view it as weird and noteworthy.

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Yes, but, well, good luck. For one reason or another, bull-riding is a professional sport. The goal is to stay on a bull for as long as possible. 8 seconds is considered a "win." So theoretically, yes, but a word of warning: Bulls are hard to control.

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    $\begingroup$ The bulls used in rodeo are never trained to "want" a rider, just like the "unbroken" horses that are used for the horse bucking competitions. They are pampered, fed, exercised and conditioned to specifically NOT want humans on their back. $\endgroup$
    – pojo-guy
    Jan 8, 2019 at 21:48
  • $\begingroup$ That could help the guy trying to mount the bull. $\endgroup$
    – Anonymous
    Jan 9, 2019 at 17:42

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